Using data to improve retention

The University of Kentucky is making a major investment in data analytics to try to improve student retention. The approach is described in an article at Inside Higher Ed:

Every time students open the app to check their course schedule or the date for the next Wildcats game, they may be faced with a quick question: Have you bought all your textbooks already? Do you own a tablet? On a scale from one to five, how stressed are you?

The university collects a student’s responses to these kinds of questions on a per-student basis. To that record, they also add a student’s interactions with the campus LMS and participation in campus events, which are tracked through a card swipe-based attendance and incentive system.

All of these systems alone represent a big investment in tracking, but analytics is about doing something with all that data. UK has made a major push to make meaning from the data by hiring a team of 15 data analysts to develop and refine a predictive model of student engagement. The end goal is to increase retention rates which, assuming they’re even marginally successful, will more than pay for the investment in all the staff and databases.

Here’s how:

  • The cost of attendance in-state is about $20,000, and $30,000 for out-of-state (source)
  • The average financial aid award is about $10,000
  • So net revenue per student is about $10,000-$20,000 (assuming in-state students); let’s call it $15,000 for simplicity’s sake.
  • The freshman enrollment was about 4300 students
  • A 1% increase in retention is 43 students
  • 43 × $15,000 = $645,000 additional revenue
  • $645,000 × 4 yrs = $2,580,000
  • $2,580,000 ÷ 15 staff = $172,000 per additional staff line

And that’s making very conservative estimates throughout. That’s also not including the cost savings on the enrollment side of not needing to recruit as large a class.

Mine your own business, learner

Audrey Watters, who writes at Hack Education, has posted a transcript of a talk she gave at Columbia as part of their Conversations About Online Learning series. Setting aside the envy I have of a place that holds a lecture series about technology and higher learning, Watters goes deep on some of the implications of “data mining” in education, fleshing out some of the ways such data might be used and pointing out how risky that might be for students.

…all this data that students create, that software can track, and that engineers and educators and administrators can analyze will bring about a more “personalized,” a more responsive, a more efficient school system.

How will this magic happen? Using the same secret algorithmic sauce that companies like Google use to tailor search results and ads, and Amazon uses to sell you, well, pretty much anything. So what’s the hitch? There are at least two, according to Watters: privacy and money.

It may be obvious, but if data is going to make a big difference in student learning, that is going to require a sea change in the rules surrounding access to that data. Or is it? It appears that right now, the rules are being skirted by private companies that don’t have the same restrictions as actual schools. I suspect that most students and their parents aren’t aware of this end run around educational data privacy. It is access to this kind of data that will be necessary to assist with learning, in the absence of actual human interaction.

And the money? It’s not money in the sense of cost to students. On the contrary, most ‘big data’ education projects are free to the student, meaning someone else is paying. For now, the bills are being paid by venture capital investors that are expecting BIG returns. We’re in the early days, the thinking goes, of a major shift in the way education is done, and one of the biggest parts of this shift is the privatization of education. Sure, there has been some suggestion that these programs will lead to a system of credentials not unlike a degree, and some programs have even been rolled out. But for the most part, the schools with the biggest stakes in this territory thus far are not talking about any kind of equivalency between their live and online programs.

Protein reflections

We’re working our way through the major kinds of macromolecules in my Intro Cell Biology class — Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids. Today I taught on the composition and structure of proteins. I really like the topic because it’s a chance to bring in so many of the concepts we’ve already discussed, like hydrogen bonding, polar vs. non-polar molecules, etc.

It’s also a topic that has been taught thousands of times before. A quick search on YouTube reveals hundreds of short videos, some of which are quite good, covering the same material. Yet there we were, talking about the same things: amino acids and peptide bonds, tertiary structure and protein folding. Why?

As best as I can tell, it’s because there we were, all together, all thinking about the same thing at the same time in the same place. Some of us understand more about it than others. Some have questions about it. But we all had made a commitment to be there with each other with the shared purpose of learning about proteins today. And I think it worked.

Getting back into the flow

I’m starting to at least think about getting back into the flow after a few weeks away from the usual schedule. At the end of July I spent about a week at the annual meeting of the American Society of Plant Biologists, which was a great meeting for me this year. I heard lots of great science and got some excellent input and feedback from people I respect and admire. I also met a few new people and have some possible collaborations simmering now.

Since returning from the meeting, I’ve been mostly relaxing and taking some time away from the office. I’m getting some projects done around the house and spending time with the kiddos as much as I can before they start back to school next week.

While I’ve been away, it looks like Fargo has been doing everything but sitting still. I used it heavily to take notes on lectures and conversations while I was at the conference, so I’ve dabbled with some of the scripts in my menubar. I’m looking forward to thinking more about how to incorporate it into my class this fall.

Handmade heat maps

Most of the day I worked on our poster, taking the opportunity to do lots of statistical tests to prepare for writing the manuscript, which comes next.

One of the comparisons I want to make is within a given treatment, across different time points. I’ve come up with a heat map presentation that I think I’m happy with, but I’m not totally sure yet.

heatmap

In this graphic, green indicates a significant increase, while pink represents a significant decrease. I think this highlights the key points I’m trying to make, but I’m going to sleep on it.

Tomorrow I’ll try to write the rest of the explanatory text so I have a few days to let it mellow before sending it off to the printer.

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Being connected is liberating (duh)

We’re just back from a quick road trip, a micro-vacation to explore nearby Cleveland. We visited the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame and Museum and the Great Lakes Science Center. I’ll write a little more about those later, but I wanted to capture my initial impressions of my first connected road trip, by which I mean one with an iPhone and a data plan.

In a word, it was liberating. Not having to nail down all of our plans in advance, we could be more flexible and adapt to the energy level of the kids. This is another way of saying we could be ourselves and pretty much make things up as we went along.

Having turn-by-turn navigation was huge, and Google Maps was outstanding. I used Apple’s Maps to start, but after giving Google Maps a try, I stayed with it. My stress level was noticeably lower knowing I didn’t have to figure out where to turn to get back to the highway from the museums. There were a few little, tricky turns that I never would’ve found without the help.

I quickly found a great little pocket of restaurants to choose from near the hotel, including a Thai place and a Lebanese cafe, where we ended up eating.

Of course, none of this is impossible without a connected phone. I know I’m late to this party, too, having settled for iPods and iPads until I could get an iPhone on my terms, not those of a carrier. Knowing we would be traveling this month, I paid for a month of data, and will likely return to a minimal plan next month.

Interesting to note that, even when using it as the impulse struck, I only consumed about 18 MB for the whole trip. I could probably get by on the 500 MB data plan and still get a lot of value when we travel.

Pages for a poster

Yesterday I wrote briefly about getting to work on a poster to present at a conference in a few weeks. After working on it for a bit, I’ve decided to switch to Pages from OmniGraffle.

While OmniGraffle is certainly more than capable for the task, I’m finding it almost too flexible. In the same way that I’m drawn to outliners for writing, I’m drawn to Pages for a little more structure in the layout process. I could probably figure out how to make OmniGraffle give me that structure, it’s already done for me in Pages.

I created a new document in Word Processing layout, which may not seem intuitive for layout work, but it keeps me from having to fiddle with making all the text boxes individually. After creating a new file, I changed the page size to my poster dimensions – 30 inches wide and 40 inches tall in this case. Then I put in the title and author details and inserted a layout break. After the break, I set the layout to 3 columns and let the app automatically size them.

Harpoon Craft Cider

harpoonI’m not a big drinker, but somedays just seem to call for a little something more than water or iced tea. Even though I’ve been a home brewer for many years, lately I’ve found that beer makes me sluggish and sleepy more than anything, so I’ve been sampling as many ciders as I can find this summer.Arsenal 2017 movie

Tonight I picked up a few singles at one of our great local craft beer shops, and one of them was Harpoon Craft Cider. It’s amazing the difference in complexity between this and, say, the Michelob hard cider I bought before it. It’s like the difference between eating an apple and an apple-flavored Jolly Rancher! It’s a very well-balanced, light, crisp drink with a complex collection of flavors. The 4.8% alcohol is low enough that I can do other things while drinking it (like write this), yet still feel a little more relaxed.

The only slight downside is that I’m getting a little hint of a cedar or wood note. It’s not enough to make me not want to drink it, but it’s there nonetheless. I’ll buy it again!

Poster prep for ASPB 2013

I started working on our poster for ASPB 2013 today, revising my student’s previous version to add new data and generally smooth out the rough patches. I’m using OmniGraffle to do the layout, since I don’t have to share it with anybody else during the editing. It’s a bit of a luxury not to have to use PowerPoint for the layout, which is the least common denominator that I’m usually stuck with for this job.

Rather than simply transfer our figures on the old version into the new one, I’m going to take this opportunity to make publication-quality figures with my tool of choice, DataGraph. This is also a great chance to think about the data we have and what we still need in order to finish this project.

I’m trying to use a grid-based layout for the poster to impose some structure behind the scenes. The poster’s 40 in wide, and I’m working on 4 × 9.5 in columns at the moment. Not sure I’ll stay with this, but it’s a start. I’ll have to see how well the various graphs fit this grid before I commit to it, and I’m still working on those.

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Scalia’s belief in DNA

Justice Scalia, in his concurrence in the Myriad Genetics patent case:

I join the judgment of the Court, and all of its opinion except Part I–A and some portions of the rest of the opinion going into fine details of molecular biology. I am unable to affirm those details on my own knowledge or even my own belief.

What does this statement mean? The article from which I quoted him (linked above) argues that Scalia here is making a proud statement about his ignorance of the details of molecular biology, and that this scientific illiteracy is a badge of honor among much of society. I’m not so sure, especially given:

Typically, Justice Scalia does not qualify the factual portions of opinions he joins, even where they involve science.

I don’t have any good thoughts on what he has in mind with this qualification, but I find it disturbing. At the same time, as someone who teaches the fundamental concepts at play in this case to students of the liberal arts, I hope none of my students make such a claim when they become Supreme Court Justices.